Experimental Plasma Density Profiles Determined Through Measurements of the Magnetosonic Wave Speed

arXiv:2609.11743

Cameron Kuchta, Jan Egedal, Abhishek Mhatre, Paul Gradney, Joseph Olson, Xinyu Yu, Cary B. Forest

Information on plasma density in laboratory plasmas is commonly acquired using either Langmuir probes or optical diagnostics. Here, we present an alternative approach, inferring the density profile from magnetic measurements of a plasma wave. In particular, during the process of creating a reconnecting current layer for magnetic reconnection experiments in the Big Red Ball, the reconnection drive first launches a large amplitude fast magnetosonic wave. The propagation of the wavefront is measured with high spatial and temporal resolutions by in situ magnetic diagnostics. Given a known uniform background magnetic field strength and the known dispersion relation of the wave, we here show how the characteristics of the wavefront can be applied to determine the initial plasma density profile.